How can you handle browser windows and tabs in Selenium WebDriver with Java?

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Handling browser windows and tabs in Selenium WebDriver with Java involves switching between different window handles that Selenium assigns to each browser window or tab. Here's how you can manage them effectively:

1. Get the Current Window Handle

This returns the unique ID for the current browser window:

2. Get All Window Handles
Use this to get a set of all open windows or tabs:
3. Switch to a New Window or Tab
You can loop through the handles and switch to the one that’s not the main:
4. Perform Actions in the New Tab
Once switched, you can interact with elements as usual:
5. Close the New Tab and Return to Main Window
After completing actions in the new tab, close it and switch back:
6. Opening a New Tab (Optional)
While Selenium doesn't have a direct API to open a new tab, you can do so via JavaScript:
Summary
Use getWindowHandles() to track all tabs/windows.

Use switchTo().window(handle) to change focus.

Always return to the main window after working in a new tab.

This approach ensures stable navigation and clean test flows across multiple browser contexts.
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