What is WebDriver in Selenium?

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WebDriver in Selenium is a core component that allows automated interaction with web browsers. It provides a programming interface to create and run test scripts that mimic real user actions—such as clicking buttons, entering text, navigating between pages, and validating content—across different browsers.

WebDriver acts as a bridge between the test scripts and the browser. Unlike older Selenium versions (like Selenium RC), which relied on a server to inject JavaScript for browser control, WebDriver directly communicates with the browser using its native automation support. This makes it faster, more stable, and more accurate in simulating user behavior.

Key features of WebDriver include:

  1. Cross-Browser Support: It supports major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Opera through browser-specific drivers (e.g., ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver).

  2. Language Flexibility: WebDriver supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript, allowing testers to write scripts in the language they’re comfortable with.

  3. Element Interaction: It can locate and interact with web elements using locators like ID, class name, XPath, CSS selector, and more.

  4. Automation of User Scenarios: WebDriver can automate complex user workflows like login processes, form submissions, and page navigations.

In summary, Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for browser automation, widely used in web application testing to ensure functionality and performance across different browsers and platforms.

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